Dataset for: Vegetation structure mediates burned-area extent across Mexican biomes despite strong climatic controls on fire occurrence

This dataset accompanies the manuscript “Vegetation structure mediates burned-area extent across Mexican biomes despite strong climatic controls on fire occurrence”. The dataset contains annual fire, climatic, vegetation, and topographic variables summarized at the ecoregion level across Mexico from 2001 to 2024. Variables include burned area, maximum temperature, drought index, tree canopy cover, elevation, slope, fragmentation metrics, biome classification, and ecoregion identifiers. The dataset was used to evaluate the relative importance of climate, vegetation structure, and topography in shaping fire occurrence and burned-area extent across Mexican biomes through generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), generalized additive models (GAMs), clustering analyses, and structural equation modeling (SEM).