Metabolizable energy (ME; kcal/kg; means and standard deviation, SD), were determined in canine digestibility studies and compared to those calculated using predictive equations.

aPredicted ME using equation with modified Atwater factors [4].bThe difference between measured and estimated ME.cThe absolute value of the difference between measured and estimated ME.dPredicted ME using NRC [2] equations.ePredicted ME using equation developed from the experimental animal feeding studies.