Multiple paternity in a lek mating system: females mate multiply when they choose inexperienced sires

1.    Multiple mating by females is common and often driven by social constraints on female mate choice. However, females mate with multiple males even in systems without these social constraints and rates of multiple mating tend to be highly variable within and between populations. In lek mating systems, females are able to assess multiple males and their choice is unrestricted by pair bonds or the need for biparental care, yet some females mate with multiple males. 
2.    To better understand the factors affecting variation in multiple mating, we investigated the occurrence of multiple paternity within clutches in a highly polygynous lek mating system. 
3.    Using long-term data on genetic paternity, survival, social status, and individual age from a population of lance-tailed manakins (Chiroxiphia lanceolata), a species where males lek in cooperative alpha-beta pairs, we tested five non-exclusive hypotheses about causes of variation in multiple mating and its benefits to females. ...