Shipping Route Optimization and Carbon Emissions Reduction: Environmental Factors Shipping Route Optimization and Carbon Emissions Reduction: Environmental Factors; Bibliography

NOAA Navigation Services offices are working on a program, Precision Navigation (PN) to integrate our marine navigation data streams into standardized formats for navigation systems and serve this data in a machine to machine readable format. The goals of this program are to provide mariners with integrated data in a machine to machine readable format for greater efficiency and increased safety so that they can feel confident navigating ever larger ships with smaller margins of error. NOAA recently completed a socio-economic study of the potential benefits of this program as measured through reduced accidents and increased vessel draft moving through ports. One of the questions that came out of this study was: How do we assess and communicate some of the other environmental benefits associated with this project? This bibliography focuses on shipping route optimization and carbon emissions reductions based on environmental factors such as weather and currents. This bibliography is split into the following sections: route optimization, including currents and weather routing; slow steaming; carbon emissions/energy efficiency; and cost-benefit analysis of route planning.