In vivo measurements.

Values are means ± SE; N, no of mice for measurement of body mass; BMC, whole-body bone mineral content; BMD, whole-body bone mineral density.rData analyzed by 3 way ANOVA on ranked data.agenotype effect,bsex effect,cdiet effect,dgt*sex effect,egt*diet effect,fsex*diet effect,ggt*sex*diet effect.Body mass: WT female mice weighed more than PKU female mice. WT males fed casein and PKU males fed AA weighed the most. There was no difference in body mass between WT males fed AA and WT or PKU males fed GMP, and PKU males fed casein weighed the least.Plasma phe: PKU mice had higher plasma phe than WT mice. Among PKU mice, there was a significant reduction in plasma phe with the GMP or AA diet. Among WT mice, there was also a significant reduction in plasma phe with the GMP or AA diet.BMC: Females fed GMP and males fed casein had the highest BMC. There was no difference between females fed casein and males or females fed AA, but males fed GMP had a higher BMC than females fed AA. There was a significant reduction in BMC in PKU females compared to either WT females or WT and PKU males.BMD: PKU animals had a lower BMD compared to WT animals. Males fed GMP had a lower BMD compared to females fed GMP or AA and males fed casein. Females fed casein had a lower BMD than females fed GMP.Length: Males had longer femurs than female mice. WT mice fed AA had a significant reduction in femur length compared to WT mice fed GMP and casein. Moreover, PKU mice fed casein, AA and GMP had significantly shorter femurs than WT mice fed GMP and casein, but were not different from WT mice fed AA. Numbers in parenthesis indicate sample size from femur length analysis.