The Philosophy of Finite Continuance: A Theory of Agency in the Horizon of Stable Instability

Abstract This article develops a systematic philosophical framework for understanding human agency under conditions of structural finitude, instability, and moral overload. Contemporary moral philosophy has predominantly centered on perfectionism, the maximization of the good, or the realization of sublime virtues. However, the lived experience of late modernity—characterized by moral overload, existential erosion, and chronic uncertainty—seriously challenges the feasibility of these ideals. Adopting a problem-oriented approach, this paper formulates the "Theory of Finite Continuance" as an alternative framework. The theory emphasizes the primacy of the "survival of agency" over the "maximal realization of goals" and consists of three main interrelated pillars: Constructive Leakage, Responsible Suspension, and Silent Endurance. I argue that in conditions of chronic instability, the ultimate aim of life is not the attainment of perfect equilibrium, but rather the cultivation of the capacity for the "intelligent modulation of one's exposure to instability." By redefining meaning within the horizon of everyday relationships and minimal care, this theory offers a novel perspective for authentic living within the condition of finitude. Keywords: finite continuance, responsible suspension, constructive leakage, silent endurance, stable instability, moral overload, existential erosion, agency, practical rationality, sufficiency ethics