Summary of demographic data and the pathogens identified in MEE from 24 children undergoing VTI for rAOM. Pathogens were identified using standard culture and FISH, and viability was determined using BacLight staining.

Biofilm and intracellular bacterial presence were also assessed.Abbreviations: EUB – eubacterial probe, Spn – S. pneumoniae (organism and probe), Hi –H. influenzae (organism and probe), Mcat – M. catarrhalis (organism and probe), PA – P. aeruginosa (organism and probe), Sau – S. aureus (organism and probe), AO – A. otitidis (organism). na – Not available, Abx – taking antibiotics currently, U – Unknown, NP – nasopharyngeal culture.