Average seasonal contents and standard deviations of chemical elements in drinking water samples of Almaty

Water is an important component of all life on Earth, and water pollution with heavy metals can lead to detrimental consequences for public health. The purpose of this study was to determine the health risks caused by trace elements present in the drinking water supply systems of Almaty City. As part of this research, the elemental composition of 78 drinking water samples taken in winter, summer, and autumn of 2023 in different areas of the city was studied.Based on the data obtained, drinking water contamination indices were calculated for heavy metal groups, and the degree of water suitability for drinking purposes was assessed for each sampling point.