Etiologies of ARI by age group and pathogen, western Kenya. March 1, 2007,-February 28, 2010.

All data presented as number and percentage in parentheses rounded to nearest integer.aCase-fatality ratios (CFR) are defined as death in the 30 days following clinic visit for ARI episode.bDenominator for all calculation of percent of positive blood cultures is the number after removing contaminants – coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Bacillus species, and corynebacterium.cOnly 841(25%) ARI patients total had urine collected for urine antigen testing for S. pneumonia, which started on May 21, 2007, and only 805 (24%) ARI patients had both blood culture and urine antigen testing for S. pneumoniae done. For HIV+and HIV−, 112 and 179 ARI patients had urine antigen testing, respectively, and 108 and 175 had both urine antigen and blood culture, respectively.dOther pathogenic bacteria include E. coli, Pseudomonas species, Moraxella catarrhalis, group B Streptococcus, Salmonella typhi.eRhino/enterovirus and parechovirus were only tested for from January 1, 2009–February 28, 2010. 447 specimens were tested among persons ≥5 years old, of which 334 were from outpatients and 113 from inpatients, 290 among 5–17 year olds, 123 among 18–49 year olds and 34 among those ≥50 years old; 54 among HIV-positive individuals and 90 among HIV-negative persons.fAtypical bacteria were detected by qPCR of np/op specimens. 561 specimens were tested for atypical bacteria. Besides Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the other atypical bacteria tested for were Legionella pneumophila, Legionella other species and Chlamydia pneumoniae. No positives were detected for any of these atypical bacteria.