Transcriptome Sequencing Data of Peripheral Blood Neutrophils in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Volunteers

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. To explore the transcriptomic characteristics of peripheral blood neutrophils during the acute phase of MS, we conducted transcriptome sequencing analysis. Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated from 8 MS patients in the acute phase and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers using density gradient centrifugation. RNA was extracted and sequenced on the Illumina platform to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their associated pathways. Bioinformatic analyses revealed significant alterations in genes related to immune response, neutrophil degranulation, and intracellular signaling. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying MS pathology and offer potential biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets. Overall design: RNA sequencing was performed on peripheral blood neutrophils collected from 8 MS patients during the acute phase and 29 healthy volunteers using density gradient centrifugation. The MS patients were recruited based on clinical diagnosis and had not received immunosuppressive or disease-modifying therapies within one month prior to sampling. All healthy volunteers were matched for age and sex. Total RNA was extracted from neutrophils and subjected to library preparation and sequencing using the Illumina platform. Quality control and downstream bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify differentially expressed genes and enriched biological pathways. Data were generated in compliance with standard experimental protocols to ensure reproducibility and accuracy.