FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN CLUSTER FORMATION: AMERICAN, EUROPEAN AND ASIAN MODELS

This article examines international experience in the formation and development of cluster structures, with particular emphasis on the American, European, and Asian models. The study analyzes the specific features of cluster formation, the role of government and the private sector, mechanisms of cooperation between business and scientific institutions, and the importance of innovation and investment in cluster development. The American model is characterized by private initiative, market competition, venture capital, and innovative entrepreneurship, while the European model emphasizes cooperation among government, business, and research institutions. The Asian model is distinguished by the active strategic role of government, industrial policy, infrastructure development, and targeted investment support. A comparative analysis of these models is provided, and their potential application to the economic conditions of Uzbekistan is considered. Based on the analysis, the development of a mixed cluster model that combines the effective elements of the American, European, and Asian approaches is proposed.