PEDAGOGICAL ESSENCE OF STEAM TECHNOLOGY IN PRIMARY EDUCATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE TEACHING OF "TARBIYA"

The rapid development of science and technology and the increasing globalization of education require the modernization of educational content, teaching methods, and pedagogical approaches. In this context, steam education has emerged as an innovative interdisciplinary model that integrates science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics into a unified educational process. This article examines the pedagogical essence, theoretical and methodological foundations, and educational potential of steam technology in primary education. Particular attention is paid to constructivist pedagogy, activity theory, and the competency-based approach as the main theoretical foundations of steam education. The article also discusses the role of steam activities in developing primary school pupils’ critical and creative thinking, problem-solving, research, communication, and collaboration skills. Furthermore, opportunities for applying steam technology in teaching the subject “tarbiya” are considered. It is argued that project-based tasks, experimentation, modelling, construction activities, interactive games, and environmentally oriented projects can contribute to the development of pupils’ intellectual, social, moral, and practical competencies. The study concludes that the effective integration of steam principles into primary education can create an active, learner-centred, practice-oriented, and interdisciplinary learning environment.