Appendix bij Van Helvoirt en Geurts

A key principle in Dutch society is that everyone should and can participate equally. However, Muslim citizens do not participate as much in society as other Dutch citizens. This paper explores when Dutch Muslims’ religious practices increase or decrease the likelihood to participate in formal and informal citizen initiatives by exploring the role of experienced discrimination and political trust as moderators on the individual level. Using MI-ID survey data, logistic regression analyses test hypotheses based on socialization and social identity theory. Results show that the individual context is key. Practicing collective religiosity is positively related to participation in an informal citizens’ initiative, and this effect is stronger when more discrimination is perceived. We moreover find that experiencing more political trust brings about a negative association between practicing individual religiosity and participation in an informal citizens’ initiative. With respect to formal citizens’ initiatives, we conclude that those who more often practice individual religiosity are more likely to participate, and that this association is stronger when more political trust and discrimination is perceived. As such, we conclude that insights in these conditions on the individual level offer insight in mixed findings in previous research.