Tapping the Potential of Dendrobiomass for Sustainable Energy Source in India – A Systematic Review

Dendrobiomass has gained significant global attention as a renewable energy source. However, its sustainability remains a topic of debate, as its carbon neutrality depends on various factors, including end-use, moisture content, bulk density, and transportation distance. The role of policy frameworks is critical in shaping its sustainability and potential for emission reductions. This study presents a systematic review of global literature from 1989 to 2024, examining dendrobiomass production, land availability, associated challenges, constraints, and the role of dendrobiomass in energy systems. Research highlights its potential as a decentralized energy source, particularly for rural and off-grid communities, with a focus on harvesting, transportation, and localized energy conversion. Despite its promise, policies primarily address land management and energy infrastructure rather than directly targeting emission reductions and conversion technologies. Focusing on the Indian context, the study highlights the nation’s vast dendrobiomass potential. India has approximately 80.9 million hectares of forest land. These areas provide 590 million tons of sustainable biomass, with forest residues and wood industry waste generating 236 million gigajoules of energy. Efficient use of 203.8 million tons of waste could yield 3057 gigajoules, according to calculations made based on previous research. Key factors include sustainability criteria, financial incentives, and technology. Future research should enhance conversion efficiency, reduce emissions, and optimize the dendro-wood value chain. The study also emphasizes that future research should focus on enhancing small-scale conversion efficiencies, reducing emissions in international biomass trade, and optimizing the profitability of bioenergy products through the dendro-wood value chain system.