A dataset for determining the dependence of rice grain quality of 48 Japanese cultivars with varying heat tolerance on weather conditions during grain filling

Through a systematic literature search, a dataset of 1302 field observations of chalky grain covering 48 cultivars from five different heat tolerant ranks (HTRs) at 44 sites across Japan was created. The dataset also contains the meteorological variables during their grain filling period, such as the cumulative mean air temperature above 26 °C (TaHD), mean solar radiation, and mean relative humidity over 20 days after heading, calculated using the gridded daily meteorological dataset with a 1-km resolution developed by NARO.