Hemoglobin A is protonated and carbamated causing release of oxygen

The Bohr effect refers to the observation that carbon dioxide (CO2) decreases the affinity of hemoglobin (HbA) for oxygen (O2) (Rossi-Bernardi & Roughton 1967, Kwant et al. 1988, Dash & Bassingthwaighte 2010). The Bohr effect has two components: protonation of histidines in HbA (Chatake et al. 2007, Kovalevsky et al. 2010, Fang et al. 1999) and chemical reaction (carbamation) of the N-terminal valines of HbA by CO2 (Ferguson & Roughton 1934, Forster et al. 1968, Bauer & Schroder 1972, Morrow et al. 1973, Morrow et al. 1976, Mathew et al. 1977, Acharya et al. 1994). The protons (H+) for this reaction are produced by carbonic anhydrase acting on water and CO2 to produce bicarbonate (HCO3-) and H+ (Kernohan & Roughton 1968).

波尔效应指的是二氧化碳（CO2）降低血红蛋白（HbA）对氧气（O2）的亲和力（Rossi-Bernardi & Roughton 1967，Kwant 等人 1988，Dash & Bassingthwaighte 2010）。波尔效应包含两个组成部分：血红蛋白（HbA）中组氨酸的质子化（Chatake 等人 2007，Kovalevsky 等人 2010，Fang 等人 1999）以及二氧化碳（CO2）与血红蛋白（HbA）N端缬氨酸的化学反应（羧化作用）（Ferguson & Roughton 1934，Forster 等人 1968，Bauer & Schroder 1972，Morrow 等人 1973，Morrow 等人 1976，Mathew 等人 1977，Acharya 等人 1994）。该反应所需的质子（H+）由碳酸酐酶作用于水与二氧化碳生成碳酸氢盐（HCO3-）及质子（H+）所提供（Kernohan & Roughton 1968）。