Comparison of model parameter settings.

The volatility of agricultural commodity prices significantly affects market stability and financial market dynamics, especially during periods of economic uncertainty and global shocks. Accurate price prediction, however, remains challenging due to the complex, nonlinear characteristics of agricultural markets and the diverse range of influencing factors. To overcome these challenges, this study develops a novel price forecasting framework that combines advanced time series decomposition, swarm intelligence optimization, and deep learning techniques. The proposed framework employs successive variational mode decomposition (SVMD) to deconstruct the raw price data into multiple components, effectively capturing the underlying nonlinear patterns and dynamic features. These components are then fed into a CNN-augmented BiLSTM model, enhanced with an attention mechanism to extract both temporal dependencies and intricate data relationships. To fine-tune the model’s hyperparameters, this study introduces a multiple strategies dung beetle optimisation algorithm (MSDBO), which integrates four strategic modifications to improve the balance between global search, local exploration, and convergence efficiency. Using historical data from corn and wheat markets as case studies, the experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed SVMD-MSDBO-CNN-BiLSTM-A model significantly outperforms nine baseline approaches. Specifically, it reduces the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) by 25.78% and 37.57%, respectively, and enhances directional accuracy (Dstat) by 1.15% and 14.53% compared to the top single models.