Basic demographic statistics of cases and controls.

Readers are advised not to over-interpret these kinds of tables to conclude that the cases and controls from our study are representative of cases and controls, generally; that any overlap in distributions has implications for “significant” differences; and that any difference observed in our sample indicate distinguishing features. These errors are described as the Table 1 fallacy (https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.21.01166) and the Table 2 fallacy (https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws412) (see also “Out of balance” by Darren Dahly for a less formal discussion of the Table 1 fallacy; doi: https://statsepi.substack.com/p/out-of-balance). (CSV)