Development of social feedback processing and responses in childhood: an fMRI test-replication design in two age cohorts

A collection of 22 brain maps. Each brain map is a 3D array of values representing properties of the brain at different locations.

### Collection description

<p>This study investigated behavioral and neural correlates underlying social feedback processing and subsequent aggressive behaviors in childhood in two age cohorts (test sample: n = 509/n = 385 and replication sample: n = 354/n = 195, 7–9 years old). Using a previously validated Social Network Aggression Task, we showed that negative social feedback resulted in most behavioral aggression, followed by less aggression after neutral and least aggression after positive feedback. Receiving positive and negative social feedback was associated with increased activity in the insula, medial prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Responding to feedback was associated with additional activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) following positive feedback. This DLPFC activation correlated negatively with aggression. Furthermore, age analyses showed that older children showed larger reductions in aggression following positive feedback and more neural activation in the DLPFC when responding to positive feedback compared to younger children. To assess the robustness of our results, we examined these processes in two independent behavioral/functional magnetic resonance imaging samples using equivalence testing, thereby contributing to replicable reports. Together, these findings demonstrate an important role of social saliency and regulatory processes where regulation of aggression rapidly develops between the ages of 7 and 9 years.<br></p>

本研究所探讨的是儿童期社会反馈处理及其后续攻击性行为背后的行为和神经关联，研究对象分为两组年龄队列（测试样本：n=509/n=385和复现样本：n=354/n=195，7-9岁）。通过采用先前验证的社会网络攻击任务，我们发现负面社会反馈导致大部分行为攻击，随后为中性反馈后的较少攻击，而正面反馈后的攻击最少。接受正面和负面社会反馈与岛叶、内侧前额叶皮层和腹侧外侧前额叶皮层活动增加有关。对反馈的回应与在正面反馈后额外的背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）激活相关，而这种DLPFC激活与攻击性呈负相关。此外，年龄分析显示，随着年龄的增长，儿童在正面反馈后攻击性的减少更为显著，且在回应正面反馈时，与年轻儿童相比，他们在DLPFC的神经激活更为强烈。为了评估研究结果的稳健性，我们使用等价性检验，在两个独立的行为/功能性磁共振成像样本中考察了这些过程，从而为可重复的报告做出了贡献。总体而言，这些发现证明了社会显著性及调节过程的重要性，其中攻击性的调节在7至9岁之间迅速发展。