Separation of Sister Chromatids
收藏reactome.org2025-03-25 收录
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While sister chromatids resolve in prometaphase, separating along chromosomal arms, the cohesion of sister centromeres persists until anaphase. At the anaphase onset, the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitinates PTTG1 (securin), targeting it for degradation (Hagting et al. 2002). PTTG1 acts as an inhibitor of ESPL1 (known as separin i.e. separase). Hence, PTTG1 removal initiated by APC/C, enables ESPL1 to become catalytically active (Zou et al. 1999, Waizenegger et al. 2002). ESPL1 undergoes autoleavage (Waizenegger et al. 2002) and also cleaves RAD21 subunit of centromeric cohesin (Hauf et al. 2001). RAD21 cleavage promotes dissociation of cohesin complexes from sister centromeres, leading to separation of sister chromatids. Subsequent movement of sister chromatids to opposite poles of the mitotic spindle segregates replicated chromosomes to two daughter cells (Waizenegger et al. 2000, Hauf et al. 2001, Waizenegger et al. 2002).
在前期,姐妹染色单体沿染色体臂分离,而姐妹着丝粒的结合力持续至中期。中期开始时,中期促进复合物/环状体(APC/C)对PTTG1(即securin)进行泛素化,将其靶向降解(Hagting 等人,2002年)。PTTG1充当ESPL1(亦称separin,即分离酶)的抑制剂。因此,由APC/C启动的PTTG1去除,使得ESPL1得以催化活性化(Zou 等人,1999年,Waizenegger 等人,2002年)。ESPL1经历自裂解(Waizenegger 等人,2002年),并切割着丝粒连接复合物中的RAD21亚基(Hauf 等人,2001年)。RAD21的切割促进了连接复合物从姐妹着丝粒的解离,导致姐妹染色单体的分离。随后,姐妹染色单体向有丝分裂纺锤体的两极移动,将复制的染色体分配至两个子细胞中(Waizenegger 等人,2000年,Hauf 等人,2001年,Waizenegger 等人,2002年)。
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