Rhizosphere microbial diversity and functional roles in tea cultivars: insights from high-throughput sequencing and functional isolates

Rhizosphere microorganisms play a significant role in influencing the growth and quality of tea plants (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>). However, the complex mechanisms underlying the interactions between rhizosphere microorganisms and tea plants require further investigation. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing and the isolation of functional rhizosphere microorganisms to examine variations in rhizosphere microbial diversity and functional characteristics among five distinct tea cultivars: <i>Camellia sinensis</i> cv. Wuniuzao, Fudingdahao, Fuyunliuhao, Jinxuan, and Fudingdabai, each recognized for its unique qualities and adaptability. Our results revealed significant differences in the community diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms among the different tea cultivars. The phylum <i>Mucoromycota</i> may exert a notable influence on the growth of cultivars Wuniuzao, Fudingdahao, and Fuyunliuhao through metabolic pathways such as lipid metabolism. Specifically, <i>Serratia</i> spp. and <i>Enterobacter</i> spp. which produce higher levels of IAA and were isolated from the rhizosphere soils of cultivars Wuniuzao and Fudingdahao, may play a critical role in promoting tea plant growth and development. Additionally, bacteria from the phylum <i>Acidobacteriota</i> may also contribute significantly to tea plant growth. These findings provide valuable insights into the roles of rhizosphere microorganisms in influencing the growth and quality of tea plants, offering a foundation for further exploration of microbial-assisted strategies to enhance tea cultivation.