Data from: Evolution and diversity of two cisco forms in an outlet of glacial Lake Algonquin

The diversity of Laurentian Great Lakes ciscoes (Coregonus artedi, sensu lato) arose via repeated local adaptive divergence including deepwater ciscoes that are now extirpated or threatened. The nigripinnis form, or Blackfin Cisco, is extirpated from the Great Lakes and remains only in Lake Nipigon. Putative nigripinnis populations were recently discovered in sympatry with artedi in a historical drainage system of glacial Lake Algonquin, the precursor of Lakes Michigan and Huron. Given the apparent convergence on Great Lakes form, we labelled this form blackfin. Here, we test the hypothesis that nigripinnis may have colonized this area from the Great Lakes as a distinct lineage. It would then represent a relict occurrence of the historical diversity of Great Lakes ciscoes. Alternatively, blackfin could have evolved in situ in several lakes. We captured more than 600 individuals in the benthic or pelagic habitat in 14 lakes in or near Algonquin Provincial Park (Ontario, Canada). Fish were compared based on habitat, morphology and genetic variation at 6676 SNPs. Contrary to our expectations, both cisco and blackfin belonged to an Atlantic lineage that colonized the area from the east, not from the Great Lakes. Sympatric cisco and blackfin were closely related while fish from different lakes were genetically differentiated, strongly suggesting the repeated in situ origin of each form. Across lakes, there was a continuum of ecological, morphological and genetic differentiation that could be associated with alternative resources and lake characteristics. This study uncovers a new component of cisco diversity in inland lakes of Canada that evolved independently from ciscoes of the Laurentian Great lakes. The diversity of cisco revealed in this study and across their Canadian range presents a challenge for designating conservation units at the intraspecific level within the framework of the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC).

圣劳伦斯五大湖（Laurentian Great Lakes）广义秋白鲑（*Coregonus artedi*, sensu lato）的多样性起源于反复的局部适应性分化，其中现已区域性灭绝或受威胁的深水秋白鲑类群亦是该类群多样性的重要组成。黑鳍白鲑（Blackfin Cisco，即*nigripinnis*型）已从五大湖区域性灭绝，仅残存于尼皮贡湖（Lake Nipigon）。近期，在密歇根湖与休伦湖的前身——更新世阿尔贡金古湖（glacial Lake Algonquin）的历史水系中，研究者发现了疑似*nigripinnis*种群与秋白鲑同域分布的现象。鉴于该类群形态与五大湖黑鳍白鲑类群高度趋同，我们将其命名为黑鳍型。
本研究旨在验证两项假说：其一，黑鳍白鲑可能作为独立演化支系从五大湖扩散至此区域，若此则其将代表五大湖秋白鲑历史多样性的孑遗种群；其二，黑鳍型可能在多个湖泊中独立演化而来。
研究团队在加拿大安大略省阿尔贡金省立公园及其周边的14个湖泊中，于底栖或远洋生境捕获了600余尾个体。基于生境特征、形态表型以及6676个单核苷酸多态性（Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, SNP）位点的遗传变异，对样本开展了比较分析。
研究结果与预期相悖：秋白鲑与黑鳍型均隶属于大西洋演化支系，该支系从东部区域而非五大湖扩散至此区域。同域分布的秋白鲑与黑鳍型亲缘关系紧密，而不同湖泊的种群则存在显著遗传分化，这强烈暗示两类群均为多次独立的就地起源。跨湖泊分析显示，生态、形态与遗传分化呈现连续谱系，该分化或与不同的资源利用策略及湖泊固有特征相关。
本研究揭示了加拿大内陆湖泊中一类全新的秋白鲑多样性组分，其演化路径独立于圣劳伦斯五大湖的秋白鲑类群。本研究及加拿大境内其他区域所揭示的秋白鲑多样性，给加拿大濒危野生动物状况委员会（Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, COSEWIC）框架下的种内保护单元划定工作带来了挑战。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于冰川湖Algonquin出口处两种cisco形态（cisco和blackfin）的进化和多样性研究，包含超过600个个体在14个湖泊的栖息地、形态和遗传数据（基于6676个SNPs）。研究发现这两种形态属于大西洋谱系，独立于劳伦森大湖区的cisco演化，并揭示了其重复本地起源和生态形态遗传连续体，为加拿大内陆湖泊的cisco多样性保护提供了新见解。数据集包括形态学测量、过滤的GBS数据VCF文件和基因型数据，适用于生态进化研究。