Results Preparatory stage: Evidence from literature.

Initial draft list with indicators (n = 58) indicating a predictive value for treatment outcome or persistence of back pain, categorized in domains, including the number of studies found per study design and the resulting evidential value. 1. *Recommended in (inter-/) national guidelines; #Pain started age <20 or >50 years, recent trauma, constant progressive pain, history of malignancies, prolonged use of corticosteroid use, HIV, recent unexplained weight loss, structural deformity, infectious disease (CBO 2010). 2. SR Systematic Review; R Randomized Clinical Trial; PC Prospective Cohort study; NR Narrative Review; n number of studies. 3. I Inconclusive evidence; C Conclusive evidence; PV Predictive Value; NP No Predictive value. 4. †Not included for phase 2 Delphi Study.