Time series of onshore, longshore currents, and current direction from the HR model forced by the GEM, CFSv2, and NNM winds, and MR model with the NNM winds versus ADCP measurement from July 1 to September 30, 2014.

This work revisited the dynamics of deep-lake gyres and coastal circulation for Lake Michigan by using observations and modeling system. Few works had been done to comprehensively discuss the wind-, density-, and wave-driven circulation using a high-resolution, wave-current coupled model. The formation, dynamics and connection of the offshore and nearshore circulation in this representative large lake of the Great Lakes system was given detailed investigations in this study.