Transport-constrained eddy–mean energetics sustain extreme rainfall over China

This study unveils the fundamental mechanisms by which transport-constrained eddy–mean energetics sustain extreme rainfall over China, based on high-resolution observations (CN05.1) and ERA5 reanalysis. We demonstrate that extreme precipitation events are distinguished from normal rainfall by two synergistic processes:Enhanced mid-latitude synoptic-scale eddies inject anomalously high energy into the atmosphere, intensifying and maintaining stronger vertical motion—a key dynamical driver.A strengthened Western Pacific Subtropical High concurrently amplifies moisture transport, providing abundant water vapor supply.These findings reveal that the coupling between intensified eddy activity and large-scale circulation anomalies fundamentally underpins the extraordinary intensity of extreme rainfall, offering a mechanistic framework for understanding and predicting precipitation extremes under a changing climate.