TRADE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE EMIRATE OF BUKHARA: THE CASE OF QASHQADARYO

This article examines the development of trade and entrepreneurial activity in the Emirate of Bukhara with particular reference to the Qashqadaryo region. The study analyzes internal and external trade routes, the structure of local markets, merchant activities, and the role of agricultural and handicraft production in shaping regional economic life. Special attention is paid to the interaction between nomadic and sedentary populations, caravan trade networks, and the integration of Qashqadaryo into broader Central Asian commercial systems. The findings demonstrate that trade and entrepreneurship in the region were dynamic and closely connected with political stability, geographic location, and international economic relations, especially during the 19th century when the Emirate intensified contacts with neighboring states and the Russian Empire.