Linear mixed-effects model results of changes in willingness to give permission for a loved one to participate in research (surrogate perspective) from Survey 1 (baseline), adjusted for baseline responses.

aEffect of democratic deliberation (DD) or education relative to control group at Survey 2 on willingness to give permission for a loved to participate in research.
bEffect of Survey 3 to Survey 2 in control group (i.e., time effect) on willingness to give permission for a loved to participate in research.
cEffect of democratic deliberation (DD) or education relative to control group at Survey 3 on willingness to give permission for a loved to participate in research.