Rapid radiation of early diverging lineages in the tropical plant order Zingiberales

Hybridization-based target enrichment (Hyb-Seq) was used to obtain sequences from up to 382 putatively orthologous low-copy nuclear genes (all > 960 bp). Individual gene trees recovered multiple topologies among the early divergent lineages of the plant order Zingiberales, with varying levels of support for these relationships. One topology of the "Banana Families" (Musaceae (Heliconiaceae (Lowiaceae + Strelitziaceae))), which has until now never been suggested, was almost consistently recovered in all three multilocus analyses of the nuclear dataset (concatenated, coalescent, and supertree). Nevertheless, the multiple topologies recovered among these lineages suggest that even large amounts of genomic data might not be able to fully resolve relationships at this phylogenetic depth.