Data from: Grazing regimes shape beetle and ant biodiversity in cork oak woodlands

This dataset includes environmental, ecological, and functional trait data
collected in 2016 from eighteen Mediterranean cork oak woodland sites in
northern Sardinia, Italy, subjected to sheep grazing, cattle grazing, or
long‑term grazing exclusion. The dataset contains: (1) environmental
descriptors such as altitude, vegetation cover, canopy cover, shrub cover,
tree density, tree diameter at breast height, and average tree height; (2)
ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) abundance data from standardized
pitfall trapping across spring, summer, and autumn sampling periods; (3)
ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) occurrence frequencies derived from trap
captures; and (4) species‑level functional traits for both taxa obtained
from literature and trait databases. Environmental information was
generated through field measurements, satellite image analysis, and
object‑based image classification, while insect specimens were identified
using standard taxonomic keys. These data support analyses of species
richness, functional diversity, community composition, and their
relationships with grazing regimes and environmental gradients. The
dataset is suitable for reuse in biodiversity monitoring, functional trait
ecology, multitaxon comparisons, and land‑use impact evaluations in
Mediterranean ecosystems.