A Co-crystal Between Acetylene and Butane: A Potentially Ubiquitous Molecular Mineral on Titan

Titan hosts a complex chemical engine producing a rich inventory of organic molecules in its thick atmosphere and on its surface. Some of these organics may be deposited in the liquid hydrocarbon lakes in the polar regions, and form evaporite features when the lakes dry out as part of Titan’s methane/ethane cycle that is analogous to Earth’s hydrologic cycle. Modeling suggests that acetylene and butane would be the main components of such evaporite deposits. We have previously demonstrated that some organic molecules (such as benzene and ethane) readily form co-crystals in Titan-relevant conditions. We report here Raman spectroscopic evidence for a new co-crystal between acetylene and butane, which could be the most common organic co-crystal discovered so far of direct relevance to Titan’s surface. Intermolecular interactions such as those in the acetylene-butane co-crystal could modify the kinetics and equilibria of various processes (dissolution, reprecipitation, etc.) and therefore may play a key role in the formation mechanisms and timescales of landscape evolution on Titan.