商品野生食用蘑菇“大红菌”物种多样性的重新评估

The informal term ‘dahongjun' or ‘big red mushroom' is a group of red-coloured russulas widely collected and consumed in southern China, originally mistakenly recognized as the European Russula vinosa. Russula griseocarnosa was described from China in 2009, and since then, it has become the only available scientific name for ‘dahongjun'. Nevertheless, several lineages exist within this complex, and whether these lineages represent real species is still an open question. Sampling in major producing areas of ‘dahongjun' and phylogenetic species recognition using multi-locus data were conducted. Besides R. griseocarnosa nine additional species were identified under the commercial name ‘dahongjun', including R. dhakuriana, R. quercina, R. purpureozonata, R. yanheensis and a new species sister to R. griseocarnosa here described as R. occulta. The others were undescribed species close to R. laricina, R. lepida, and R. purpureozonata respectively. Six evolutionary lineages within R. griseocarnosa were defined by genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition based on five-locus DNA data. Conflicts among different genealogies suggested that R. griseocarnosa is best considered as a single phylogenetic species, comprising several infraspecific taxa. Lower coverage whole genome sequencing of R. griseocarnosa holotype discovered that its three individuals belong to three different clades. Lectotypification was made using one of the three individuals. A new variety R. griseocarnosa var. ailaoshanensis is described to name one of the terminal clades that is mainly distributed in Ailao Mountains. This variety differs morphologically from the type variety in its nearly white context, bigger spores and more inflated hyphae in the pileipellis. The morphological and molecular data provided in this study are helpful to identify wild edible mushrooms of Russula subgen. Russula.