Trypanosome infection outcomes in tsetse of differing symbiont status.

aSymbiotic bacteria present in tsetse's gut at the time of trypanosome challenge. bExperiments were performed in duplicate. cp values were obtained by comparing infection prevalence of each indicated group to the infection prevalence of mature GmmWT flies (from Table 1). dGmmWT/Sgm− flies underwent intrauterine larval development in the presence of all symbiotic bacteria. Following pupal eclosion, adults received 3 blood meals supplemented with ampicillin followed by a 4th containing infectious trypanosomes. eGmmWT/Apo flies underwent intrauterine larval development in the presence of all symbiotic bacteria. Following pupal eclosion, adults received 3 blood meals supplemented with tetracycline followed by a 4th containing infectious trypanosomes. fND, no symbionts detectable by RT-PCR.