original data

As women age, particularly after entering menopause, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increases significantly. This makes it a critical global public health concern. Regular exercise can prevent and improve blood pressure and lipid levels in postmenopausal women. However, the most effective form of exercise to enhance vascular structure and function in this population remains uncertain. The objective of this study is to compare and analyze the effects of five different forms of exercise on vascular function in postmenopausal women. The study aims to determine the most effective exercise interventions to identify which modes of exercise training can maximally reduce cardiovascular risk in this population.