Wood Pasture and Parkland (England)

Introduction This is a spatial dataset that describes the location and extent of Wood Pasture and Parkland habitat across England. Wood Pasture and Parkland is a Priority Habitat as listed in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UKBAP) 2008. Wood pastures and parkland are the products of historic land management systems and designed landscapes and represent a vegetation structure rather than a particular plant community. Typically, this structure consists of large, open-grown or high forest trees (often pollards) at various densities, in a matrix of grazed grassland, heathland and/or woodland floras. Why is it important that Natural England publishes this data Wood Pasture and Parkland (England) is a priority habitat as identified in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UKBAP) and listed as being of principal importance for the purposes of conserving or enhancing biodiversity under Section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) act. Wood-pasture and parkland are mosaic habitats valued for their trees, especially veteran and ancient trees and the plants and animals that they support. Specialised and varied habitats within woodpasture and parkland provide a home for a wide range of species, many of which occur only in these habitats, particularly insects, lichens and fungi which depend on dead and decaying wood. Lineage The Wood Pasture and Parkland Inventory (WPPI) was initially created in 2011 under contract by Exegesis as a provisional inventory. The inventory was established by collating exsisting datasets, drawing on specialist knowledge, refering old maps and aerial photography. This inventory included data from: OS county series maps (Epoch 1 1843 - 1893, Epoch 2 1891 - 1912, Epoch 3 1904 - 1939, Epoch 4 1919 - 1943) and first and second edition UK perspective Aerial Photographs dated 1999 to 2009. Modern OS maps were used to created polygon boundaries and these boundaries were mapped to the OS Master Map framework. This first inventory did not cover all England, subsequent inventories added missing counties e.g. Greater London by using the same techniques. Data was added to the inventory in subsequent years based on expert feedback and survey work. The inventory was updated in 2020 by collating data from the existing dataset, local record centers, local councils and other sources all verified by OS county series Epoch 1 - 4 maps and aerial photography. Parkland was defined as areas with a minimum of 3 trees, excluding boundary trees, which had less than 250 m between trees. Park extent was mapped to boundary features where park trees were less than 100 m from the boundary or the boundary included a large tree which was less than 250 m from a park tree. Some areas of woodland were included where possible park trees were present. Some open areas and wooded areas were not removed as the precise extent of parkland habitat was difficult to determine from aerial photography. Cemeteries and churchyards were excluded unless they were entirely within the park boundary. The minimum mappable unit for the inventory was 0.25ha. Metalled roads and rivers were excluded according to Natural England mapping rules, therefore some areas <0.25ha may be present if separated by a road. In 2025 the inventory was updated further by remapped all polygons to a new version of OSMM and by aligning the attributes to the Priority Habitats Inventory (PHI), which had also been updated since 2020. A series of datasets remapping Cumbria was added to the inventory to replace and update all the polygons Cumbria. Further data was added via submission to the PHI mailbox ([e-mail]) on consultation with NE habitat specialists. Attribution Column Heading Full Name Format Description ObjectID ObjectID geometry Geodatabase identifier Shape Shape geometry Spatial format identifier MainHabs Main Habitats Text Name of Habitat present HabCodes Habitat Codes Text Code representing main habitats present in the polygon FeatDesc Feature Description Text Additional information about the nature of the habitat or features present FeatCodes Feature Codes Text Code corresponding to the habitat feature descriptions OtherClass Other habitat classifications Text Additional Habitat classification information relating to main habitats AddHabs Additional habitats present Text List of codes for additional habitats present within the polygon PrimSource Primary data sources Text List of primary sources for main habitat present in polygon. With corresponding HabCode in brackets AreaHa Area in hectares Numeric Polygon area in hectares Version Publication version Text Date of publication for current update UID Unique ID Text Unique ID for the polygon based on XY location coordinates Shape_Length Shape_Length Numeric Polygon perimeter Shape_Area Shape_Area Numeric Polygon area Full metadata can be viewed on data.gov.uk.### 数据集介绍 本数据集为空间数据集，用于描述英格兰全境林木牧场与公园生境（Wood Pasture and Parkland）的位置与范围。林木牧场与公园生境是《2008年英国生物多样性行动计划（UK Biodiversity Action Plan, UKBAP）》所列的优先生境。 林木牧场与公园生境是历史土地管理体系与人工设计景观的产物，其本质为一种植被结构而非特定植物群落。该结构通常由不同密度的大型敞生或高大林木（多为截干树（pollards））构成，基底为放牧草地、石楠荒地（heathland）或/和林地植物区系。 ## 英格兰自然署发布该数据的重要意义 英格兰地区的林木牧场与公园生境属于英国生物多样性行动计划（UKBAP）划定的优先生境，同时根据《自然环境与农村社区法（Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act, NERC）》第41条，被列为保护或提升生物多样性的核心重要生境。该生境为复合式生境，因其林木——尤其是老龄古树及其支撑的动植物类群——而具备极高价值。林木牧场与公园生境内部拥有多样的专属生境，为大量物种提供栖息场所，其中多数物种仅存于此类生境中，尤其是依赖枯朽木材生存的昆虫、地衣与真菌。 ## 数据谱系 林木牧场与公园生境清单（Wood Pasture and Parkland Inventory, WPPI）最初由Exegesis公司于2011年签约编制，为初期试用清单。该清单通过整合现有数据集、结合专业知识、参考历史地图与航空摄影资料完成编制。 本清单的数据来源包括：英国地形测量局（Ordnance Survey, OS）县级系列地图（第1期1843-1893年、第2期1891-1912年、第3期1904-1939年、第4期1919-1943年），以及1999至2009年的英国首版、第二版航空透视摄影资料。研究人员使用现代OS地图绘制多边形边界，并将这些边界匹配至英国地形测量局主地图框架（OS Master Map）体系中。 首批清单未覆盖英格兰全境，后续清单采用相同技术补充了缺失的郡域数据，例如大伦敦地区。后续年份中，清单通过专家反馈与实地调查补充了更多数据。 2020年，该清单通过整合现有数据集、地方记录中心、地方议会及其他来源的数据完成更新，所有数据均通过OS县级系列第1-4期地图与航空摄影资料进行验证。 公园式生境的定义为：至少包含3株林木（不含边界树木）且林木间距小于250米的区域。当公园林木距边界不足100米，或边界内存在距公园林木不足250米的大型林木时，公园生境的范围将匹配至边界特征线。若区域内存在潜在公园林木，则部分林地也被纳入清单范围。由于仅通过航空摄影难以准确判定公园生境的精确范围，部分开放区域与林地未被剔除。公墓与教堂庭院除非完全位于公园生境边界内，否则不予纳入。 本清单的最小可制图单元为0.25公顷。根据英格兰自然署（Natural England）的制图规则，铺面道路与河流被排除在外，因此若区域被道路分隔，可能存在面积小于0.25公顷的未被纳入区域。 2025年，该清单进一步更新：将所有多边形重映射至新版英国地形测量局主地图（OSMM），并将属性字段与2020年以来更新的优先生境清单（Priority Habitats Inventory, PHI）对齐。新增了一组重映射坎布里亚郡的数据集，用于替换并更新该郡内的所有多边形数据。此外，经与英格兰自然署生境专家磋商后，向优先生境清单邮箱（[e-mail]）提交数据，进一步补充了清单内容。 ## 属性说明 | 表头 | 完整名称 | 格式 | 说明 | |------|----------|------|------| | ObjectID | 对象标识符 | 文本 | 地理数据库标识符 | | Shape | 空间几何 | 文本 | 空间格式标识符 | | MainHabs | 主要生境类型 | 文本 | 多边形内现存生境的名称 | | HabCodes | 生境代码 | 文本 | 代表多边形内主要生境类型的代码 | | FeatDesc | 特征描述 | 文本 | 关于生境性质或现存特征的补充信息 | | FeatCodes | 特征代码 | 文本 | 与生境特征描述对应的代码 | | OtherClass | 其他生境分类 | 文本 | 与主要生境相关的额外生境分类信息 | | AddHabs | 附加生境类型 | 文本 | 多边形内现存附加生境类型的代码列表 | | PrimSource | 主要数据源 | 文本 | 多边形内主要生境的主要数据源列表（括号内标注对应HabCode） | | AreaHa | 公顷面积 | 数值 | 多边形的公顷面积 | | Version | 发布版本 | 文本 | 当前更新的发布日期 | | UID | 唯一标识符 | 文本 | 基于XY坐标的多边形唯一ID | | Shape_Length | 形状周长 | 数值 | 多边形周长 | | Shape_Area | 形状面积 | 数值 | 多边形面积 | 完整元数据可在data.gov.uk查询。