Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities, 2012

The 2012 Census of State and Federal Correctional Facilities (CSFCF) was the eighth enumeration of state institutions and the fifth enumeration of federal institutions sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and its predecessors. Earlier censuses were conducted in 1974, 1979 (ICPSR 7852), 1984 (ICPSR 8444), 1990 (ICPSR 9908), 1995 (ICPSR 6953), 2000 (ICPSR 4021), and 2005 (ICPSR 24642). For each facility in the 2012 census, information was provided on security level, facility operator, sex of inmates housed, one-day counts by sex, percentage of inmates authorized to leave the facility, and anticipated changes to or closures of the facility. The census counted prisoners held in the facilities, a custody count. Some inmates in custody in one jurisdiction may be held for a different jurisdiction. The custody count is distinct from a count of inmates under a correctional authority's jurisdiction, which includes all inmates over whom a correctional authority exercises control, regardless of where the inmate is housed. A jurisdictional count is more inclusive than a prison custody count and includes state and federal prisoners housed in local jails or other non-correctional facilities.

2012年国家及联邦矫正设施普查（CSFCF）系由司法统计局及其前身赞助进行的第八次省级机构普查和第五次联邦机构普查。此前，普查分别在1974年、1979年（ICPSR 7852）、1984年（ICPSR 8444）、1990年（ICPSR 9908）、1995年（ICPSR 6953）、2000年（ICPSR 4021）和2005年（ICPSR 24642）进行。在2012年的普查中，针对每一设施，提供了关于安全级别、设施运营商、关押在押人员的性别、按性别分类的每日在押人数、获准离开设施的在押人员百分比以及设施变动或关闭的预期变化等信息。普查统计了在设施中关押的囚犯，即拘留人数。部分在某一司法管辖区拘留的囚犯可能被其他司法管辖区关押。拘留人数与矫正机构管辖权下的在押人员人数不同，后者包括所有矫正机构行使控制权的在押人员，无论其关押地点。司法管辖区统计人数比监狱拘留人数更为广泛，包括在地方监狱或其他非矫正设施中关押的州级和联邦囚犯。