Mean conservation gain, <i>G</i>, observed in five different species and life history types for nine different conservation actions.

We define “conservation gain” as G = (r-r0)×200, where the model is set up so that growth rate is zero before applying either stochasticity or the conservation action. Then r0 is the growth rate with stochasticity but without the conservation action while r is the growth rate with both stochasticity and the conservation action. Na for Action-9 denotes the adult population. All results are based on simulations using Model 2. Organisms in age-class k = 0 are referred to as “recruits”; other pre-reproductive individuals are “juveniles”. Larger sensitivities shown are in bold for emphasis. Species are DE = Diomedea exulans (albatross), OO = Orchinus orca (orca), DC = Dermochelys coriacea (leatherback sea turtle), CP = Chrysemys picta (Striped bass) and LG = Lobatus gigas (Queen conch).