TC25

This report describes the results of a nationwide survey on tropical cyclones in the United States. The 2025 Tropical Cyclone Survey (TC25) was designed and administered by the Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (IPPRA) at the University of Oklahoma. It is the fifth survey in the annual series (see Ripberger et al. 2020, Krocak et al. 2021, Bitterman et al. 2022, Bitterman et al. 2023, and Bitterman et al. 2025 for more information on the TC20, TC21, TC22, TC23, and TC24 surveys, respectively). It was fielded September 4 - 16, 2025, using an online questionnaire that was completed by 1,220 U.S. adults (age 18+) that were recruited from an Internet panel that matches the characteristics of the U.S. population as estimated in the U.S. Census. The TC20 survey, the first in this series, was designed to establish baseline measures of the extent to which U.S. adults receive, understand, and respond to tropical cyclone forecasts and warnings as well as trust in the National Weather Service (NWS), extreme weather and climate risk perceptions, risk literacy, interpretations of probabilistic language, and weather preparedness. The TC21 survey refined these measures and included a few questions about information preferences along the event timeline. Subsequent surveys maintained these baseline measures while including unique batteries. TC22 tested experiments related to the level of trust the public places in broadcast meteorologists and public perceptions of flood and storm surge products, TC23 included experiments related to equity in storm recovery and probabilistic communication, and TC24 asked questions about associations between weather hazards and colors and further exploring effective strategies for probabilistic communication. The latest iteration of the survey, TC25, included items about insurance and internal migration related to the weather. This report briefly describes the methodology, survey data collection, data weighting, and a reproduction of the survey instrument with weighted measures of central tendency and frequencies for the questions that elicited numeric responses. NOAA’s Weather Program Office provided funding for this survey.