Dataset of Images of Large Poisonous Fungi in Guizhou Xishui National Nature Reserve

From April 2024 to September 2025, the research team established 39 transect lines within the Guizhou Xishui National Nature Reserve, covering various vegetation types including shrubland, evergreen broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, and mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest. Samples were collected along each transect line during the four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter). Information such as latitude, longitude, altitude, collection site, time, and habitat was recorded using a fungi collection software. Macrofungi were photographed with a Canon camera (R6 Mark II), and specimens were collected. The specimens are stored at the Herbarium of Macrofungi, Guizhou Institute of Biology (HGAMF).Preliminary identification was conducted through morphological methods, followed by final confirmation via molecular biology techniques. The designation of poisonous mushrooms was carried out based on previously reported lists of poisonous mushrooms in China.The survey identified 64 species of toxic fungi in the reserve, belonging to 25 families across 7 orders. The main types of poisoning caused were acute renal failure, neuropsychiatric disorders, and gastroenteritis. Ultimately, the Image Dataset of Macroscopic Poisonous Fungi in Guizhou Xishui National Nature Reserve was compiled, consisting of the following two parts:(1) Attachment 1 contains 78 original photographs (.JPG). The filenames include the Latin and Chinese names of the macroscopic poisonous fungi; where no Chinese name is available, only the Latin name is used.(2) Attachment 2 is a compressed file containing two worksheets: one provides information on the 39 transect lines for macroscopic poisonous fungi, and the other details the poisoning types associated with these fungi.The photographs were taken using a Canon R6 Mark II camera. Species identification was verified against multiple literature sources and confirmed by at least two experts. This dataset can serve as a reference for the general public in and around the study area to identify poisonous macroscopic fungi. Through timely image comparison, it can effectively prevent the mistaken collection and consumption of poisonous macroscopic fungi. Additionally, it summarizes potential physical injuries caused by accidental ingestion, providing valuable references for the prompt treatment of patients.