Effects of Tillage Practices on Runoff Energy and Erosive Energy Consumption in Sloping Purple Soil Farmland data

Five typical tillage practices—Longitudinal Ridging (LR; downslope), Cross‑Ridging (CR; along the contour), Bunch Planting (BP), Flat Planting (FP), and a bare‑soil control (CK)—were evaluated for their effects on Runoff Energy (RE) and Erosive Energy Consumption (EEC). Tillage significantly altered runoff and sediment dynamics: CR produced the greatest reductions in both runoff (68.9%) and sediment yield (91.6%) relative to CK. All tillage treatments lowered RE, with the reduction ranking CR > BP > FP > LR (vs. CK), and a maximum decrease of 50.1%.These findings clarify the energy‑based mechanisms by which tillage mitigates erosion on sloping purple‑soil farmland and offer practical guidance for optimizing soil and water conservation under field rainfall‑simulation conditions.