DataSheet_1_Transcriptome and 16S rRNA analysis revealed the response of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to Rhabdovirus infection.docx

To better understand the response of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) infection, we investigated the intestinal bacterial flora and transcriptome profile of fish at 72 hours post-infection (hpi). Total of 1574 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in largemouth bass spleen following MSRV infection, including 573 upregulated and 1001 downregulated genes. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis revealed that upregulated genes were enriched in certain antiviral related signaling pathway, including NOD-like receptor (NLR), RIG-I like receptors (RLR) and regulation of the interferon (IFN)-γ-mediated signaling pathway, whereas some immune-related DEGs enriched in focal adhesion (FA) and ECM-receptor interaction(ECM-RI) were downregulated, as well as genes associated with metabolic processes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), adipocytokine signaling pathway, Glycerolipid and Retinol metabolism. Furthermore, the principal component analysis (PCA) and phylogenetic analysis revealed that MSRV infection significantly affected the microbiota of largemouth bass intestine; the LEfSe analysis showed that relative abundances of Streptococcus were significantly increased, while the content of Akkermansia, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus were remarkably decreased in the fish intestine following MSRV infection. Additionally, a high correlation was determined between the expressions of interferon-related upregulated genes and the relative abundance of Streptococcus by redundancy analysis (RDA). These results collectively illustrated that intestinal microbiota composition might be associated with the immune-related gene expression in largemouth bass in response to MSRV infection.

为深入探究大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）对Micropterus salmoides弹状病毒（MSRV）感染的反应，本研究对感染后72小时（hpi）的鱼类肠道细菌群落及转录组谱进行了调查。在MSRV感染后的大口黑鲈脾脏中，共鉴定出1574个差异表达基因（DEGs），其中573个基因表达上调，1001个基因表达下调。KEGG和GO富集分析显示，上调基因富集于特定的抗病毒相关信号通路，包括NOD样受体（NLR）、RIG-I样受体（RLR）及干扰素（IFN）-γ介导的信号通路调节，而一些富集于焦点粘附（FA）和细胞外基质受体相互作用（ECM-RI）的免疫相关DEGs表达下调，以及与代谢过程相关的基因，如过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体（PPAR）、脂肪细胞因子信号通路、甘油三酯和视黄醇代谢。此外，主成分分析（PCA）和系统发育分析揭示了MSRV感染显著影响了大口黑鲈肠道的微生物群；LEfSe分析表明，在MSRV感染后，鱼类肠道中链球菌的相对丰度显著增加，而阿克曼氏菌、粪肠球菌和乳杆菌的含量显著降低。此外，冗余分析（RDA）确定了干扰素相关上调基因的表达与链球菌相对丰度之间存在高度相关性。这些结果共同表明，肠道微生物群组成可能与大口黑鲈对MSRV感染免疫相关基因的表达相关。