基于腔内冷却的原子钟分布式腔相移分析

Distributed cavity phase shift constitutes a significant source of frequency uncertainty in cold-atom microwave frequency standards and presents challenges in the miniaturization process of high-performance atomic clocks. This paper introduces a method for calculating the distributed cavity phase shift utilizing 3D finite element simulation and Monte Carlo traversal of atoms. The impact of the distributed cavity phase shift on the miniaturized atomic clock is analytically calculated. Results demonstrate that the uncertainties of the distributed cavity phase shift are superior to 2×10-16 at varying atomic temperatures when the Ramsey line width is 10 Hz. Consequently, the long-term stability of this miniaturized atomic frequency standard scheme will not be constrained by the distributed-cavity phase shift, offering a notable advantage in long-term performance among miniaturized atomic clocks. The calculation method can also be extended to rectangular cavities, loop-gap cavities, and in-situ probing microwave cavities with complex structures, proving invaluable for analyzing the distributed cavity phase shift of atomic clocks and optimizing microwave cavity design.

分布式腔相移是冷原子微波频率基准（cold-atom microwave frequency standards）的主要频率不确定度来源之一，同时也是高性能原子钟（atomic clocks）小型化进程中的一大挑战。本文提出了一种结合三维有限元仿真（3D finite element simulation）与原子蒙特卡洛遍历（Monte Carlo traversal of atoms）的分布式腔相移计算方法，并对该相移对小型化原子钟的影响开展了解析计算。结果表明，当拉姆齐线宽（Ramsey line width）为10 Hz时，在不同原子温度下，分布式腔相移的不确定度均优于2×10⁻¹⁶。据此，该小型化原子频率基准方案的长期稳定性不会受限于分布式腔相移，在小型化原子钟的长期性能方面具备显著优势。该计算方法还可推广应用于矩形腔（rectangular cavities）、隙环腔（loop-gap cavities）以及结构复杂的原位探测微波腔（in-situ probing microwave cavities），对于分析原子钟的分布式腔相移、优化微波腔设计具有重要价值。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于原子钟的分布式腔相移分析，特别针对基于腔内冷却的冷原子微波频率标准。它提供了一种通过3D有限元模拟和蒙特卡洛原子遍历计算分布式腔相移的方法，旨在减少频率不确定性并优化微波腔设计，以支持高性能原子钟的小型化。数据集包含相关数据文件，适用于物理领域的研究，尤其关注频率稳定性和原子钟技术优化。