Spatial Justice and Public Health Equity: Medical Land Allocation Dataset Across Four Cities in Shandong Province, China

This dataset supports the study "Spatial Justice and Public Health Equity: Assessing Fairness in Urban Medical Land Allocation Across Chinese Cities," which investigates the spatial equity of medical facility distribution in four major cities of Shandong Province—Qingdao, Jinan, Yantai, and Weihai. The dataset includes:Aggregated community-level counts of medical Points of Interest (POIs) from Amap;High-resolution (100m) population grid data derived from China’s Seventh National Population Census;Road network density calculated from OpenStreetMap;Building coverage rate based on Tianditu building footprint data;Nighttime light intensity from NPP-VIIRS satellite imagery.These variables were used in spatial autocorrelation analysis (Global Moran’s I, LISA), Gini coefficient equity assessment, and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) modeling to explore drivers of medical resource allocation. The data enables replication of findings and further research on spatial justice in urban health infrastructure across Asia.