Taxonomic status and distribution of Mirabilis himalaica (Nyctaginaceae)

Mirabilis himalaica (Nyctaginaceae) is endemic to the Himalayas where it is used in traditional Tibetan folk medicine and is the only Old World representative of a large New World genus. The systematic position of M. himalaica and historical biogeography of Mirabilis and related genera was evaluated using two loci (nrITS, rps16), with divergence times estimated using ITS sequences. All 16 sampled provenances of M. himalaica formed a strongly supported terminal clade and at the sectional level formed a clade with sect. Quamoclidion sensu stricto, despite their morphology. Sect. Oxybaphoides and sect. Oxybaphus were not closely related to M. himalaica, suggesting their apparent morphological similarities are convergent. BEAST analysis and ancestral area reconstruction indicated that M. himalaica separated from related North American species during the late Miocene to early Pleistocene ~5.22 Ma (95 % HPD: 2.53–8.18). Both migration via the Quaternary Bering land bridge (Beringia) and long-...