Data accompanying the paper "Improving the near-surface wind and turbulence at the edge of the orographic drag grey zone by tuning the roughness length"

This repository contains outputs from simulations (with observations) launched with the ALARO-HR18 model utilizing the TOUCANS two-energy turbulence scheme and different roughness length configurations. The results are provided in three separate files, i.e., "acf_data.zip", "fluxes.zip", and "verif_data.zip".

1) "acf_data.zip" contains four ASCII files with the name "acf_DATE_TYPE.txt", where DATE=YYYYMMDD and TYPE=mountain or flat. Each file includes the model data from surroundings of approx. 200 x 200 km around the chosen point (flat terrain or mountain), and provides data on longitude (LON), latitude (LAT), zonal wind (U-WIND), meridional wind (V-WIND) and wind speed (W). The data included in this file were used to compute the 2D spatial autocorrelation function for different cases and locations shown in Fig.3.

2) "fluxes.zip" contains individual ASCII files with the name "FTYPE_EXP.txt", where FTYPE=uw_flux or vw_flux, and EXP is one of OBS, ORL, REF, EXP1, EXP2, EXP3 and EXP4. Each file contains turbulent momentum flux data at four vertical levels (5 m; UW005 and VW005, 60 m; UW060 and VW060; 100 m; UW100 and VW100 and 180 m; UW180 and VW180). The description of EXP is following:

OBS; observed momentum fluxes from the Cabauw tower, the Netherlands, corresponding to five different cases, i.e., matching with 3D model simulations starting at 00 UTC on 6, 10 and 16th February 2020, as well as 16 and 25th August 2020. Each column corresponds to one vertical level, while the rows represent hourly values (up to +72 hours in advance), added case by case.

ORL; predicted fluxes obtained with the old roughness length configuration described in the paper.

REF; predicted fluxes obtained with the new roughness length (NRL) configuration as described in the paper and without tuning the vegetation roughness length (C1=0.25, C2=1.0, C3=6, FA=0 and OGWD scheme on).

EXP1; is the same as REF but with C2=1.5.

EXP2; is the same as REF but with C2=1.875.

EXP3; is the same as REF but with C2=1.875 and C3=3.

EXP4; is the same as REF but with C2=1.875 and C3=1.5.

The data included in this file were used to prepare inputs to Table 2.

NOTE: The measurements taken at the Cabauw tower are under the care of "Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut" (KNMI). They are added to this repository only to confirm related results presented in the paper. For any personal use of these data, contact the responsible KNMI staff.

3) "verif_data.zip" contains individual ASCII files used to validate the impact of various tunable parameters and final settings of the NRL configuration on 10-m wind, i.e., for preparation of Fig. 6-8. and Fig. 9-12. Individual ASCII files are named "WS_EXP_SDATE_ENDDATE_all", where:

a) EXP is one of C1s, C1f, C2s, C2f, C3s, C3f, ORL, NRLs, NRLf, FAs, FAf, GWDon and GWDoff. "s" and "f" correspond to the starting and the final setup related to sensitivity studies performed in the paper (Fig. 6-8.) or starting and final version of the NRL configuration (Fig. 10-12). The results from FAs, FAf, GWDon and GWDoff are only briefly commented on within the paper but not shown.

b) SDATE=YYYYMMDD (starting date of the validation period), and

c) EDATE=YYYYMMDD (ending date of the validation period).

Each ASCII file contains the following fields (column-wise): SYNOP number of station (location; for explanation cf. "synop_list.txt"), latitude (lat), longitude (lon), altitude of the station (h), date to which data refers to (date), forecast lead time to which data refers to (lead time), predicted 10-m wind (fcst) and measured 10-m wind (obs).

CAUTION: Be aware that all times are given in UTC and that they are consistently used where predicted and observed data are used.

In case you have any questions, contact the corresponding author.