Datasets and Sources of Reframing Global Climate Governance: A Multidimensional Assessment of Structural Drivers and Normative Pathways

Climate change emerges from interdependent political, economic, societal, technological, environmental, and legal systems, requiring theoretical integration to explain real-world outcomes such as the withdrawal of highly institutionalized nations from global agreements. This study develops a multidimensional framework that combines entropy-weighted indices, partial least squares structural equation modeling, and critical discourse analysis across 73 countries reporting to the UNFCCC. The findings reveal that emissions trajectories reflect systemic configurations rooted in institutional logics, political-economic coordination, and embedded egocentric interests—rather than isolated variables or formal capacity. Direct, mediated, moderated, and multi-group analyses show how structural interdependence shapes national mitigation outcomes. These insights challenge compliance-based models and suggest that enduring climate action requires governance systems built on equity, integration, and accountability. We propose reconfiguring the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) by embedding climate justice, collective mindsets, and sustaining political will as normative imperatives for inclusive, durable, and system-wide climate governance.