EFFECT OF ELETROMAGNETIC FIELDS DEVICES USE ON SLEEP QUALITY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN BANGKOK THAILAND
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This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the association between EMF devices use and sleep quality and academic performance among high school students in Bangkok. The study samples covered 1,080 high school students, in Bangkok. The researcher employed socio-economic and clinical characteristic, EMF communications devices used, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28), and stimulant use questionnaire. The univariate and multivariable logistic regression were employed to control for potential confounders. The study found that 96.9% of the participants used mobile/smart phone and mean time spent on school days and non-school days constituted 3.50 (SD = 2.47) hrs. and 4.93 (SD = 3.56) hrs, respectively. The first 3 main reasons for using smartphone among participants included the following: for social networks, for communicating with friends and for watching films & listening to music. Besides, the prevalence of poor sleep quality among the participants constituted 32.0% [95% CI=29.26-34.91]. Given the related confounding factors of an association between EMF devices use and sleep quality among high school students based on socio-economic and clinical characteristics and stimulant use, the findings showed that confounding variables constituted father’s occupation, weekly allowance, alcohol consumption and smoking. After controlling for the confounding variables (father’s occupation, weekly allowance, alcohol consumption and smoking), it was found that when comparing with the students using mobile/smartphone < 1.93 hour (≤ 25 percentiles), those using 1.93-3.57 hours (26-50 percentiles) were likely to have 1.47 times poorer sleep quality (adjusted OR=1.47 [95% CI=0.99-2.18]); those using > 3.57-5.57 hours (51-75 percentiles) were likely to have 1.08 times poorer sleep quality (adjusted OR=1.08 [95% CI=0.73-1.60]); those using > 5.57 hours (> 75percentiles) were likely to have 1.52 times poorer sleep quality (adjusted OR=1.52 [95% CI=1.04-2.23]). The findings of an association between EMF devices use and academic performance, after adjusting for the confounding variables (father’s education, mother’s education, family income, psychological disturbance, alcohol consumption and smoking), indicated that there was no association between EMF devices use and academic performance Conclusively, our findings indicated that participants using > 5.57 hours were at 1.52 times higher risk than those using mobile/smart phone < 1.93 hours in comparison. So, it is recommended that such individuals and parties concerned as government and private organizations, educational institutions, parents/guardians in particular, are required to establish guidelines for constructive use of electromagnetic communications equipment, in addition to consistently cooperate in launching projects on awareness, positive and negative impacts of EMF devices use to students and the public in general.
本项横断面研究旨在探讨曼谷高中生使用电磁场（Electromagnetic Field, EMF）设备与睡眠质量及学业表现之间的关联。本研究共纳入曼谷地区1080名高中生作为研究对象。研究人员收集了研究对象的社会经济与临床特征、电磁场通信设备使用情况，并采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI）、28项版一般健康问卷（General Health Questionnaire 28, GHQ-28）及兴奋剂使用问卷开展评估。本研究采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析控制潜在混杂因素。研究结果显示，96.9%的研究对象使用移动/智能手机；在校日与非在校日的日均使用时长分别为3.50（标准差SD=2.47）小时与4.93（SD=3.56）小时。研究对象使用智能手机的前三大主要原因为：社交网络使用、与友人联络以及观看影视与收听音乐。此外，研究对象中睡眠质量不佳的患病率为32.0%[95%置信区间CI=29.26~34.91]。在针对社会经济、临床特征及兴奋剂使用情况校正电磁场设备使用与高中生睡眠质量间关联的混杂因素后，研究发现混杂变量包括父亲职业、每周零花钱、饮酒行为与吸烟行为。在控制上述混杂因素（父亲职业、每周零花钱、饮酒与吸烟）后，与日均使用移动/智能手机<1.93小时（≤25百分位数）的学生相比，日均使用1.93~3.57小时（26~50百分位数）的学生睡眠质量差的风险升高1.47倍（校正比值比OR=1.47，95%CI=0.99~2.18）；日均使用3.57~5.57小时（51~75百分位数）者睡眠质量差的风险升高1.08倍（校正OR=1.08，95%CI=0.73~1.60）；日均使用>5.57小时（>75百分位数）者睡眠质量差的风险升高1.52倍（校正OR=1.52，95%CI=1.04~2.23）。在校正父亲受教育程度、母亲受教育程度、家庭收入、心理困扰、饮酒与吸烟等混杂因素后，电磁场设备使用与学业表现间关联的分析结果显示，二者无显著关联。综上，本研究结果表明，日均使用移动/智能手机>5.57小时的学生，相较于日均使用<1.93小时的学生，睡眠质量差的风险高出1.52倍。因此，建议相关个体与各方——包括政府与私营机构、教育机构，尤其是学生家长/监护人——制定电磁场通信设备的合理使用指南，并持续合作开展面向学生及广大公众的电磁场设备使用认知宣教项目，科普其正反两方面影响。
