Results of the multiple linear regression analysis with several independent baseline variables predicting MCS at five years later.

Coding of categorical variables is mentioned in the footnote.*unstandardized regression coefficient; † standard error; ‡ standardized regression coefficient; statistically significant associations are printed in boldSex: male and female (referent); Nationality: German nationality (referent), other nationalities. Marital status: “married” (referent), “divorced/widowed” and “unmarried”. Duration of school education: ≤8, 9–10 (referent), 11–12, and >12 years. Smoking status: variable ranging from 0 to 2, classified into “never”, “former” or “current”. Treatment with insulin: “yes” and “no” (referent). Diabetes-related complications: variable ranging from 0 (no complications) to 4 (four complications). Comorbid diseases: composite variable ranging from 0 to 4. Depression: “no” (referent) and “yes” (depression episode has been diagnosed).