Comparative study on learning abilities and flexibility of four high-altitude <i>Diploderma</i> lizards

This study integrated color cue-mediated associative learning and reversal learning tasks, and assessed the learning abilities and flexibility of four high-altitude <i>Diploderma</i> lizard species (<i>Diploderma drukdaypo</i>, <i>D. vela</i>, <i>D. laeviventre</i>, and <i>D. yangi</i>) from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. We aimed to determine if these lizards can learn and exhibit learning flexibility, and whether these traits vary among species in relation to environment factors such as altitude gradients and distribution ranges.