Long-term Wild Bee Occurrence and Trait Dataset (Upper Austria, 1910–2021)

This repository contains the raw occurrence data and associated environmental and trait metadata for a century-long study of wild bee communities in Upper Austria. We compiled 17,588 museum and contemporary records of 342 bee species collected at eight sites (266–616 m a.s.l.) between 1910 and 2021. Each record is linked to its 15-year interval, site coordinates, and presence/absence status. We also include interval-averaged climate variables (annual mean temperature and precipitation) from HISTALP/SPARTACUS (https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1377), human population size (https://www.data.gv.at/katalog/dataset/land-ooe_bevolkerung-entwicklung-gesamt#additional-info) as a proxy for regional anthropogenic pressure, and sampling-effort counts per interval. Finally, species-level traits (life cycle, foraging breadth, nesting strategy, habitat associations, and macro-/microclimatic niche attributes) are provided in binary format. These data support our mixed-effects modeling of species occurrence as a function of climate warming, anthropogenic impact, and species traits, revealing long-term patterns of decline, turnover, and functional homogenization in wild bee communities.