Baseline characteristics of the study participants by categories of ECW/TBW and plasma aldosterone.

For abbreviations see Table 1. aComparisons among three groups in patients with ECW/TBW ≤48% and >48%, respectively. Statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA test, Pearson x2 test, and Kruskal-Wallis test as appropriate. bP<0.05 versus patients with plasma aldosterone of <140 pg/mL. cP<0.05 versus patients with plasma aldosterone of 140–280 pg/mL. Prior CVD category consisted of congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease.